John III the Pitiless, Duke of Bavaria-Straubing (1374–1425), of the House of Wittelsbach, was first bishop of Liège 1389–1418 and then duke of Bavaria-Straubing and count of Holland and Hainaut 1418–1425. John was the youngest son of Duke Albert I and Margaret of Brieg.
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In 1408 a Burgundian army led by his brother-in-law John the Fearless of Burgundy went to the aid of John III against the citizens of Liège, who were in open revolt. On the field of Othée, on 12 September 1408, the men of Liège were decisively defeated, and Burgundian influence was extended over the city and over the bishopric of Liège. The ensuing executions of leading insurgents led to John's nickname "the Pitiless".
John the Pitiless, rejected holy orders and surrendered his bishopric when his niece Jacqueline became countess of Holland and Hainaut and duchess of Bavaria-Straubing in 1417. With the aid of Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor John III immediately started a civil war against Jacqueline and her husband duke John IV of Brabant. John the Pitiless supported the city of Dordrecht and duke Philip the Good of Burgundy. A siege of Dordrecht was no success in 1419, so John IV of Brabant agreed to start a joint administration with John III. Jacqueline herself as a woman, did not get a share in the political responsibility. John IV of Brabant finally gave up Holland and Hainaut and left the rule to John the Pitiless. John the Pitiless was poisoned in 1425.
His niece Jacqueline went to England in 1421 and married the king's brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester.[1] She was unable to retain control over Holland and Hainaut any longer after John's death. Bavaria-Straubing was divided between the dukes of Bavaria, the major portion of which went to Bavaria-Munich.
John the Pitiless was known for the rich culture of his court; among the artists he engaged was also Jan van Eyck, from at least 1422–24.
In 1418, John III married Elisabeth, Duchess of Luxembourg, who was then the widow of Antoine, Duke of Brabant. No children came from this marriage.
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Louis II, Duke of Bavaria | ||||||||||||
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Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor |
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Matilda of Habsburg | ||||||||||||
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Albert I, Duke of Bavaria |
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William I, Count of Hainaut | ||||||||||||
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Margaret II, Countess of Hainault |
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Jeanne of Valois | ||||||||||||
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John the Pitiless, Duke of Bavaria |
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Bolesław III the Generous | ||||||||||||
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Ludwik I the Fair |
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Margaret of Bohemia | ||||||||||||
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Margaret of Brieg |
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Henry IV the Faithful | ||||||||||||
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Agnes of Głogów |
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Matilda of Brandenburg | ||||||||||||
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John of Bavaria-Hainaut
Born: 1374 in Le Quesnoy Died: 6 January 1425 in The Hague |
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| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Catholic Church titles | ||
| Preceded by Arnold of Horne |
Prince-Bishop of Liège as John VI 1389–1418 |
Succeeded by John of Wallenrode |
| Regnal titles | ||
| Preceded by William II |
Duke of Bavaria-Straubing as John III 1417–1425 |
Succeeded by Ernest |
| Count of Hainaut, Holland and Zeeland as John III 1417–1425 |
Succeeded by Jacqueline |
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